History+of+e-Learning

Back Learning at a distance is not new. Apprenticeships, classroom courses, and correspondence courses were used until the middle of the 20th century.

1728 - The world’s first distance learning course is established in Boston, with lessons sent by mail. 1840 Shorthand is taught by correspondence in Great Britain. 1890 - commercial and academic correspondence courses on specialized topics were widely promoted. To see the correspondence courses' ads, please visit [| __Vintage Correspondence Course Ads__] 1920s  - over 4 million US citizens – far more than attended traditional colleges – were enrolled in correspondence courses, covering hundreds of practical job-oriented topics, with a completion rate under 3%. 1922 - New York University operated its own radio station and planed to broadcast practically all its subjects. Other schools joined in, including Columbia, Harvard, Kansas State, Ohio State, Purdue, etc. By 1940 radio courses had virtually disappeared.

1922 Penn State begins offering courses through the radio.

1930s  - talking motion pictures appeared - they were used to train millions of draftees during World War II in how to operate all sorts of equipment. 1940s  - the University of Louisville was offering televised classes. 1951 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - the Australian [| __School of the Air__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> has used two-way shortwave radio to teach school children in remote locations. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #800000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">From 1960s till today <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, the new technology started to emerge:
 * [[image:https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/NAh3a0pK58GjsH69DC32b2RcolHkSrDtv1KOVbwjhRYSWCuRO_PbaH5EXxSOtE6iYUbKXk09Wnp4WT2T4HIngox7OyfseCdNxJCVHDQSx2b7FxegtL2EFXjC0g]]* ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Schools of the Air used to transmit lessons to students via radio ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Video courses
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Audio courses
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Computer-based, self-paced training (text-based and with multimedia)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">E-learning via the Internet.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #800000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1969 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> — the [| __Open University__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> was founded in the UK. The Open University revitalized distance education by combining correspondence instruction, broadcasting and publishing, residential short courses and support services at local and regional levels. Today, the Open University also offers online courses and has a strong community of students in many countries.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">By <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #800000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1994 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - hundreds of colleges had distance education undergraduate degree programs, and there were 150 leading to advanced degrees. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #800000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2012 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - The New York Times dubbed it 'The Year of the MOOC (Massive Open Online Course).

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Learning at a distance is not new. Apprenticeships, classroom courses, and correspondence courses were used until the middle of the 20th century.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1728: Boston, MA

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Local teacher Caleb Phillips advertised the first shorthand correspondence lessons offered by mail.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1728 - The world’s first distance learning course is established in Boston, with lessons sent by mail.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1800: Across the U.S.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The expansion of the US Postal Service perpetuated distance learning correspondence courses.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1833: Sweden

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Correspondence composition course offered through Swedish newspapers, precipitating the development of correspondence courses across Europe.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1840: Great Britain, UK

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Shorthand instructor Isaac Pitman offered the first shorthand instruction via mail correspondence.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1840 Shorthand is taught by correspondence in Great Britain. 1922 Penn State begins offering courses through the radio.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1852: Cincinnati, Ohio

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Secretarial training in stenographics was conducted via post. Certificate of achievement was granted after course completion.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1856: Germany

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Instructors Charles Toussaint and Gustav Langenscheidt taught language courses via mail correspondence.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1858: London, UK

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">University of London created “External Program”: the first distance learning-based courses on the [|__universities__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> level.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1873: Cape Town, South Africa

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The University of the Cape of Good Hope founded a distance-learning facility.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1874: at Illinois Wesleyan University where bachelor and graduate degrees could be obtained in absentia.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1882: The Chautauqua movement in about 1882 gave the popular push to correspondence education.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1883-1891: The first official recognition of education by correspondence came from 1883 to 1891 by Chautauqua College of Liberal Arts. This college was authorized by the state of New York to grant academic degrees to students who successfully completed work at the Summer institutes and by correspondence during the academic year (Watkins, 1991).

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #800000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1890 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- commercial and academic correspondence courses on specialized topics were widely promoted. To see the correspondence courses' ads, please visit [| __Vintage Correspondence Course Ads__]

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1891: Pasadena, CA

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Colliery School of Mines was established as a correspondence program to educate on mining safety.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1900: Boston, MA

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Anna Ticknor develops a home-based program that targeted New York women and achieved a 20,000+ student enrollment.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1915: creation of the National University Extension Association(NUEA) broadened the focus to other issues, such as necessity of new pedagogical models and new national level guidelines, such as university policies regarding acceptance of credit from correspondence courses, credit transferal, and standard quality for correspondence educators.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #800000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1920s <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - over 4 million US citizens – far more than attended traditional colleges – were enrolled in correspondence courses, covering hundreds of practical job-oriented topics, with a completion rate under 3%.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1922: Pennsylvania

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pennsylvania State College becomes first college to broadcast courses across radio networks.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #800000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1922 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- New York University operated its own radio station and planned to broadcast practically all its subjects. Other schools joined in, including Columbia, Harvard, Kansas State, Ohio State, Purdue, etc. By 1940 radio courses had virtually disappeared.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1925 - By 1925, 200+ colleges and universities have been granted radio broadcasting licenses

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1926 - The National Home Study Council (NHSC) was formed in 1926 in part to address the issues with the teaching of academic and vocational courses by correspondence

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #800000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1930s <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - talking motion pictures appeared - they were used to train millions of draftees during World War II in how to operate all sorts of equipment.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1934: Iowa

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The University of Iowa becomes the first university to employ television as a learning tool.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #800000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1940s <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - the University of Louisville was offering televised classes.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #800000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1951 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - the Australian [| __School of the Air__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> has used two-way shortwave radio to teach school children in remote locations.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1953: Houston, Texas

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">First televised courses are offered at University of Houston

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #800000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">From 1960s till today <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, the new technology started to emerge:


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Video courses
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Audio courses
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Computer-based, self-paced training (text-based and with multimedia)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">E-learning via the Internet.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1963: Across the U.S.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Instructional Television Fixed Service (ITFS) was created by the FCC, which dedicated 20 tv channels for university use and instruction.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1965 - first statewide, telephone-based education program is offered bu the University fo Wisconsin.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1968: Across the U.S.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Stanford University founds the Stanford Instructional Television Network, offering instruction for part-time engineering students

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">‘Correspondence’ is changed to ‘Independent study’ to establish the difference between university and homeschooling methods.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1969: Across the U.S.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ARPANET is founded as the first version of Internet.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #800000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1969 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> — the [| __Open University__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> was founded in the UK. The Open University revitalized distance education by combining correspondence instruction, broadcasting and publishing, residential short courses and support services at local and regional levels. Today, the Open University also offers online courses and has a strong community of students in many countries.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1971: Vienna, Austria

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Philosopher Ivan Illich’s “Deschooling Society” book encouraged computer-based education.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1976: Phoenix, Arizona

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">University of Phoenix is established as the first “virtual college.”

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1980: Alaska

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">First state educational satellite system offered daily television instruction to 100 Alaskan villages.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1982: Rindge, New Hampshire

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Computer Assisted Learning Center (CALC) was founded as a computer-oriented, adult learning center.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1989: Great Britain, UK

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">First publication emphasizes distance learning methods: “Research in Distance Education”

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1992: Remote

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Electronic University Network helps to develop university virtual campuses through AOL.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1994: Remote

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The first comprehensive, “online-only” curriculum is established by CALcampus.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">By <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #800000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1994 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - hundreds of colleges had distance education undergraduate degree programs, and there were 150 leading to advanced degrees.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1995: Virginia Beach, VA

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Regent University offers the first online Ph.D. in Communications.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Western Governors University is founded by 19 U.S. governors to help Western states to maximize educational resources through distance learning for a rapidly growing population

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1997: Remote

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">WebCT 1.0 LMS, an e-learning system, is released, and is often considered the predecessor of BlackBoard.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">CVU (California Virtual University), a consortium of California colleges offering more than 1,000 online courses, is launched.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1999: Washington, DC

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Blackboard Course Systems introduced

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The world is introduced to a host of new educational tools, including Blackboard and eCollege

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Smarthinking also arrives in 1999, with a mission to be an “innovator in connecting students with highly qualified teachers” over the Internet.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2002: Australia

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Virtual Learning environment, “Moodle 1.0” is released

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">OpenCourseWare project, a resource of free online course material from MIT, becomes available

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2002-2008 - There is a 187% increase of students taking online classes

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2003: Remote

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">16% of US undergraduates were enrolled in at least one distance education course.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">81% colleges have at least one online class

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2004: Remote

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">SAKAI Project is formed: a collaboration of academic institutions/organizations developed a scalable software for virtual learning environments.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2005: Remote

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Almost 3.2 million U.S. students were enrolled in at least one online course at university.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2008: Khan Academy was founded

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2008: the first MOOC was launched in 2008 - it was called ‘Connectivism and Connective Knowledge/2008’ (CCK8), created by educators Stephen Downes and George Siemens. Building off a for-credit course at the University of Manitoba, Canada, this was the first class designed behind the acronym of ‘MOOC’ and used many different platforms to engage students with the topic, including Facebook groups, Wiki pages, blogs, forums and other resources. Around 2,200 people signed up for CCK08, and 170 of them created their own blogs. The course was free and open, which meant that anyone could join, modify or remix the content without paying (although a paid, certified option was offered).

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2009: Remote

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">53% of public high school students were enrolled in distance education courses.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">YouTube EDU introduces thousands of free lectures.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The number of students taking at least one course online reachers 5.5 million

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2010: 83% CEOs and small business owners in the United States consider online degrees to be as credible as traditional degrees.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2011: Remote

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">60% of four-year US private college/universities offer online classes!

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #800000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2012 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - The New York Times dubbed it 'The Year of the MOOC (Massive Open Online Course).

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2 million students take all their courses online

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">70% of educators agree that social media is a valuable teaching tool

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**MOOCs Arrived**

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2012, another MOOC experiment caught academics’ attention. Two Stanford Professors Sebastian Thrun and Peter Norvig decided to offer “Introduction to Artificial Intelligence” for free online. Designed to resemble real classroom experiences and offer high-quality classes for everyone, the idea had the advantage of carrying the prestigious Stanford name.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">More than 160,000 students in 190 countries signed up, and for the first time, an open online course was truly ‘massive’. This led Thrun and Norvig to build a new business model for online knowledge, the start-up [|__Udacity__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It did not take long until other professors adapted their ideas using own resources. Within one year, two more American start-ups for MOOCs appeared: [|__Coursera__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> and EdX.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2013, the the Open University is building its own MOOC platform, [|__Futurelearn__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, which will feature universities from the United Kingdom.


 * [[image:https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/HktZp7TN5F1_4t6JCzTrpnvNtLvEtjgk84Nh2VedJ7Nzc1-wdx6ADd2iZL7tQRxxrrXtfCeM7vLmfvl4mNatTmujxcIaJ6qRtwpD-pzhi-5nRrya5RKj4RIKOg]]*<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">* ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Schools of the Air used to transmit lessons to students via radio ||

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Recourses:

[|__http://www.cdlponline.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=whatis&pg=3__]

[|__http://www.seniornet.org/edu/art/history.html__]

[|__http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/spring01/declair/history.html__]

[|__http://moocnewsandreviews.com/a-short-history-of-moocs-and-distance-learning/__]

[|__http://www.zdnet.com/blog/igeneration/the-history-of-distance-learning-infographic/15791__]

[|__http://mysite.du.edu/~kkeairns/de/Text/Lessons/Lesson1.pdf__]

[|__http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SbdR3FtjLPw__]

=<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 31px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">History & Scope Of Distance Education =

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> By D.D.Aggarwal

[|__http://books.google.com/books?id=N5DIR4dxwYYC&pg=PP8&dq=History+of+distance+education&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3iHKUqWJBqessQTHo4CQDQ&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=History%20of%20distance%20education&f=false__]